Cognitive Behavioral Orientation
In the section Cognitive Behavioral Orientation I deal with the following methods:
Mulitmodal behavior therapy according
to Lazarus
Multimodal behavioural therapy according to Arnold A. Lazarus is an integrative therapeutic approach that combines techniques and strategies from different therapeutic directions in order to respond to the individual needs of the client. The therapy was developed by Lazarus in the 1970s and is characterised by the following key features:
-
Multimodality: the therapy is multimodal, meaning that it incorporates different treatment modalities or elements of therapy. These may include cognitive, behavioural, emotional, physical and interpersonal aspects, all of which are incorporated into the treatment.
-
Customisation: Therapy is tailored to the individual client. Rather than applying a one-size-fits-all approach, therapy goals and intervention strategies are tailored to the client's specific needs, personality traits and goals.
-
Holistic approach: Lazarus emphasises the importance of looking at the person as a whole. He believes that emotional, cognitive, physical and social factors are intertwined and should therefore be taken into account in therapy.
-
Active approach: Multimodal behavioural therapy is an active form of therapy. Clients are encouraged to actively participate in the therapy by reflecting on their thoughts, feelings and behaviours and actively seeking change.
-
Flexible application: The therapy can be flexibly adapted according to the client's needs and progress during the therapeutic process. This enables continuous adaptation of the intervention strategies in order to achieve the best possible treatment success.
-
Short-term therapy: Multimodal behavioural therapy is generally a short-term therapy that aims to achieve rapid improvements and reach specific goals within a limited time frame.
Use of the methods for my work as a coach and management trainer:
-
Individual adaptation: By individually adapting the development goals and intervention strategies, multimodal behavioural therapy can be tailored precisely to the needs and goals of the manager or coachee. This enables targeted and customised support in overcoming specific challenges and problems in the professional context.
-
Holistic approach: Multimodal Behavioural Therapy takes into account different aspects of the individual, including cognitive, emotional, social and physical factors. This holistic approach makes it possible to better understand the complexity of leadership development and to address different levels of development.
-
Flexibility and integration: Multimodal behavioural therapy enables the integration of different therapeutic techniques and approaches. This can be beneficial for coaching and leadership development, as different problems and challenges often require a multifaceted approach. The integration of cognitive, emotional and behavioural strategies can lead to more comprehensive and effective development.
-
Short-term therapy: Multimodal behavioural therapy is usually a short-term therapy. This can be an advantage for managers and coachees, as they are often under time pressure and want to achieve improvements quickly. Efficient and effective therapy can lead to concrete progress and change more quickly.
-
Active approach: Multimodal behavioural therapy is an active form of therapy that requires the involvement and active cooperation of the manager or coachee. This enables a deeper understanding of one's own thought and behaviour patterns as well as the possibilities for personal development.
-
Solution-oriented focus: Multimodal behavioural therapy focuses on identifying problems and developing concrete solutions. This solution-orientated approach can be particularly helpful for coaching and leadership development, as it promotes the development of concrete action plans and the implementation of changes.
Schema therapy according to Young
Schema therapy was developed by Dr Jeffrey E. Young and is a form of psychotherapeutic work based on cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), psychoanalysis, Gestalt therapy and object relations theory. It was developed specifically for people with severe mental disorders and personality disorders, who often have deeply rooted psychological patterns or "schemata".
The most important features of Young's schema therapy are
-
Schemata: Schemata are emotional and cognitive patterns that develop in early childhood and remain stable throughout life. They influence a person's perception, thinking, emotions and behaviour.
-
Schema modes: Schema modes are different states or parts of a person that are activated by certain schemas and emotions. These modes can resemble adult self-states or vulnerable child states.
-
Basic needs: Schema therapy views the fulfilment of basic needs as crucial to psychological well-being. These include the needs for security, attachment, autonomy, self-esteem and spontaneity.
-
Parent-child mode: The therapy aims to recognise and work on the parent-child mode that shapes the way people treat themselves and others. It is about developing 'healthy' parenting functions to fulfil the needs of the vulnerable inner child.
-
Procedure: In schema therapy, various techniques and procedures are used to identify, understand and change dysfunctional schemas. These include imagination exercises, dialogues between different modes and cognitive restructuring.
-
Relationship level: The therapeutic relationship plays a central role in schema therapy. The therapist acts as an emotional parent figure to support the client's wounded inner child and promote a secure attachment.
-
Life history work: Therapy often involves examining and working through the childhood experiences that contributed to the development of the dysfunctional schemata.
-
Long-term approach: Schema therapy is often a long-term form of therapy, as the aim is to change deep-rooted patterns and improve mental health in the long term.
-
Benefits of the methods for my work as a coach and executive trainer: -
-
Self-reflection and self-knowledge: schema therapy enables coachees and managers to delve deep into their personal schemas and understand them. This promotes self-reflection and self-awareness, as they can recognise how their early experiences influence their thought and behaviour patterns.
-
Dealing with dysfunctional patterns: Schema therapy supports coachees and managers in identifying and overcoming dysfunctional patterns of thinking and behaviour that could present obstacles in the world of work. They learn to develop healthier coping strategies and adopt more productive behaviours.
-
Promoting resilience: By working on stressful patterns, coaching clients and managers can strengthen their resilience to professional challenges and stressors. This helps them to deal better with difficult situations and recover more quickly.
-
Increasing empathy and interpersonal skills: Schema therapy promotes an understanding of one's own emotional needs and the needs of others. This enables coachees and managers to improve their empathy and interpersonal skills, which can have a positive impact on their relationships with employees and colleagues.
-
Discovering and utilising strengths: Schema therapy helps to recognise inner resources and strengths and to use these in a targeted manner in professional contexts. Coachees and managers can better utilise their potential and achieve their professional goals more effectively.
-
Promoting a healthy leadership culture: Managers who are aware of their own schemas and work on them can promote a positive leadership culture. They become more sensitive to the needs of their employees and can create a corporate culture based on trust, openness and personal development.
-
Conflict resolution and decision-making: Schema therapy can help to better understand and manage conflict in the workplace. Managers can learn to optimise their decision-making processes and take their actions on the basis of a balanced assessment of the situation.
-
Long-term personal development: Schema therapy is often a long-term therapeutic intervention. In a coaching context, this can mean that coachees work continuously on their personal development and achieve sustainable improvements in their professional lives.
CBASP (Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy) according to James P. McCullough Jr.
CBASP stands for "Cognitive Behavioural Analysis System of Psychotherapy". It is a specific form of therapy that was primarily developed for the treatment of chronic depression. CBASP therapy was developed by James P. McCullough Jr. and aims to use the interactions between patients and therapists to dissolve emotional blockages and maladaptive (rather harmful, poorly adapted) thought patterns
.
The most important features of CBASP therapy are
Focus on interpersonal problems: CBASP focuses strongly on the patient's interpersonal relationships. It assumes that early traumatic experiences, especially in childhood, can lead to patterns of interaction that perpetuate depressive symptoms.
Here-and-now orientation: The therapy places great emphasis on how the interactions between therapist and patient take place in the here and now. The therapeutic relationship serves as a tool to understand and change current interpersonal problems and behavioural patterns.
Focus on behavioural analysis: In CBASP, specific events or interactions that occur between therapist and patient are analysed in detail. The aim is to uncover maladaptive behavioural patterns and thoughts of the patient and to work on them together.
Role clarity: The roles of therapist and patient are clearly defined. The therapist takes an active role in analysing the interpersonal dynamics and guides the patient to develop alternative behaviours and thought patterns.
"Situational analyses": A central concept in CBASP is "situational analyses". This is a structured approach in which specific interpersonal events and their effects on the patient's thoughts, emotions and behaviour are examined.
Transference and countertransference: Therapy uses transference (the way the patient unconsciously transfers their relational experiences to the therapist) and countertransference (the way the therapist responds to these transfers) as important tools for recognising and working through the dynamics of the therapeutic relationship.
Stage system: CBASP often works with a stage system that defines different phases of treatment. These phases serve to establish the therapeutic relationship, uncover maladaptive patterns and develop alternative courses of action.
Homework and self-observation: Patients are often encouraged to carry out self-observation tasks outside of therapy sessions and to practise new behavioural patterns in order to promote the transfer of what they have learned into everyday life.
Benefits of the methods for my work as a coach and executive trainer:
Although CBASP was originally developed for the treatment of chronic depression, some of the principles and techniques are also useful in areas of coaching and leadership development.
Interpersonal sensitivity: The emphasis on interpersonal relationships and analysing patterns of behaviour and thinking can help leaders become more aware of their own interactions and their impact on their teams and employees. This can help to reduce conflict and build more productive working relationships.
Self-reflection: Focussing on the interactions between coach or manager and employees can lead to increased self-reflection. This enables coaching clients or managers to better understand and optimise their own thought patterns, behaviours and effects on others.
Emotional intelligence: CBASP promotes an understanding of the emotional dynamics in interpersonal relationships. Managers and coaches can use this concept to improve their emotional intelligence and achieve better communication and relationship work.
Conflict resolution: CBASP teaches techniques for analysing conflicts and emotional blockages. This can be used in coaching sessions or in leadership development to better understand conflict and find effective solutions based on mutual understanding and co-operation.
Behavioural transformation: Analysing behavioural patterns and introducing alternative action strategies can help leaders and coaching clients identify and change unproductive behaviours to achieve more effective results.
Self-management: CBASP's self-observation practices can be used in coaching sessions to help clients better recognise and manage their own behaviours and thought patterns. Managers can use these techniques to enhance their leadership skills.
Relationship development: CBASP emphasises the therapeutic relationship. In a coaching context, this can help to build a trusting and supportive relationship between coach and client. In leadership development, a greater emphasis on relationship work can lead to a more positive working environment.